Today is my first day in the heart of dairy country. Close
to 80% of the milk produced in Chile comes from this region around the towns of
Osorno and Puerto Montt. The climate is very similar to New Zealand and dairies
here are pasture based and seasonal calving, 60% in spring and 40% in the fall.
At 220 pesos per liter, the equivalent of 38 cents Canadian, the milk price
here is 10 cents lower than near Santiago, and land is also cheaper at roughly
$7,000 Canadian per acre.
Our first stop of the day was the INIA Research station
which has just started an ambitious project to compare parlor and robotic
milking in pasture based dairying. The original dairy herd at INIA now milks 220
cows in a 2 x 20 midline milking parlor. 100 cows have been reassigned to the
new robotic milking dairy, which has 2 DeLaval VMS300 robots, and 2 computer feeding
stations in a milking center set up with three selection gates that direct cows
to three different pasture areas depending on the time of day. In this “three
way grazing system”, going to a new pasture after milking is one of the
incentives for visiting the robots. Cows are directed to new pasture at 6 p.m.,
2 a.m. and 10 a.m. and any stragglers that don’t come on their own are brought
up from the old pasture about 12 hours later.
This research station is also doing work on annual forage crops, heat
stress and a variety of other topics.
We also visited a herd of 766 cows milked in a 50 stall
rotary that was running for 3 months. Milking now takes 3.5 hours twice per day
versus 6 hours in their previous parlor. As a result of increased grazing time
and less stress, production increased from 20 to 24 liters per cow. It is
summer in Chile and all cows were on pasture now, but this herd did have barn
space to house and feed each half of the herd from stored feed between milkings
once a day in winter.
Our third and last stop was a visit to the Manuka Dairy Group.
Manuka was started in 2009 by 5 New Zealand dairy farming families. Their goal
is to become a major milk supplier in South America, using New Zealand management
techniques. The company now has more than 25,000 acres of improved grassland, and
operates 49 nearly identical farms, each with about 500 acres of grass and 700 small
framed coloured crossbred cows, producing about 4,200 litres per cow. Each farm
has a milking center with a 2 x 20 swing parlor and a small house for the
herdsman. Total permanent staff per farm is a team of three with additional
help available for breeding and calving.
The company has its own training facilities
for new hires, and lots of protocols, performance measures etc. They have plans
to grow to 70 farms by 2025. While each farm unit is a fairly simple
enterprise, the possibilities offered by such a large group of dairies under
common ownership is mind boggling to say the least.
As is my custom in any foreign country I also made a stop in
a grocery store today, and was very surprised by what I found there. I headed to
the back of the store expecting to find the refrigerated dairy section
strategically placed to encourage impulse buying along the way. It was not
there, and it was not anywhere in the store! Grocery stores in Chile do not sell
fresh milk. All the milk sold here is UHT processed and sold in 1 litre tetras,
transported, stored and displayed without refrigeration for the equivalent of
$1.55 Canadian per litre.
They do carry some
yogurt and a very limited variety of pre sliced cheeses, but variety is very
limited.
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Rotational grazing New Zealand style at a Manuka dairy in southern Chile |
All in all this was a very interesting day again. It is
becoming clear that there is much to see here for a PDO tour.